Is there a right time to lie

Telling a lie is when an individual tells something which he/she knows is not the truth but intentionally maintains it as the whole truth. There are several types of lies, bad faith lies-lying to oneself, big lies, bluffing, emergency lies, lying to children and white lies among others.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Is there a right time to lie? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More An emergency lie is an intentional lie to prevent harm on the third party. For example, when a person is looking for another to cause bodily harm, then one can lie about the whereabouts of the third party. An emergency lie is temporary, and the truth can always be told later. On the other hand, a white lie is a minor lie which is harmless but beneficial. White lies are half truths where one avoids questions so as to achieve a greater good. A lie may be discovered or undiscovered, but the consequences may vary from one case to another. On ce a lie is discovered the integrity of the liar is lowered and causes a change in behavior. The lie may also continue and be an entangled web of lies in the long run. Historically, philosophers such as Aristotle and St. Thomas Aquinas condemned lying, but other philosophers supported lies which were intended to achieve good. Thus, when is the right time to tell a lie? Telling the truth or a lie is a matter of personal honesty. The truth depending on the intention can build or break a relationship. A white lie a few times, is good for creating healthy interpersonal relationships. However, the fundamental foundations of relationships are built on absolute truth and trust in each other. One can tell a lie when the truth may cause pain or insult to a person. There are lies that prevent people from feeling bad about them, for example, ‘I like your dress,’ when in the real sense the dress looks horrible. Personal opinions about how someone looks or what they are wearing ofte n do not contribute to relationships. The truth in this circumstance can be hurtful; hence, one is not obligated to tell the whole truth if they will hurt someone’s feelings in the process. Children’s innocence and imagination need to be protected, therefore, white lies such as the existence of Santa Claus, Easter Bunny and the tooth fairy help to activate a child’s imagination and give them joy. Other small pleasantries like ‘am ok thanks’ when one is indeed not fine at all are white lies, which help to make people relaxed.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Breaking sad news or disappointing news to someone may be difficult, for example, the death of a loved one may require one to tell a lie until one is able to bear the news. Compliments which are exaggerated, for example, ‘this is the best meal I’ve ever had,’ are good and harmle ss in that they help people to get along well. Thus, a white lie is usually told to protect others, and hard lies are told to protect oneself. During grief and difficult times, people who are grieved may not be good company, and are better left alone to deal with the problem, though; it would feel unloving to tell him/her that they are better left alone. Hence, one should be careful when telling the truth so that they do not look as if they are putting their feelings before other people’s feelings. In some instances, people say yes when they mean no or say it is okay when it is not. This happens when one does not want to upset another, so they pretend to enjoy what the other person is doing, for example, watching a movie, a topic of discussion and food. Most people are afraid that the truth will hurt others especially, parents, siblings colleagues and friends. Lies are also told to avoid conflict between people, for example, when talking on the phone to someone they may not b e able to understand so a white lie can be told to avoid a conflict. When the two people meet later the whole issue can be resolved. When someone does not want to be rejected or attacked by his friends and relatives they can lie to be accepted. In the bible, there are times when lying brought good, for example, the Hebrew midwives lied to the Pharaoh resulting in God’s blessing on them(Exodus 1:15-21). Rahab also lied to protect the spies from Israel, however, the bible does not praise these lies even they gave good results. During the times when the Nazi occupied Holland a woman named Corrie ten Boom hid Jews in her home to protect them from the Nazis. When the soldiers asked her where the Jewish men were hiding she lied to protect them from death. In this case, she lied to protect the loss of human life. Lies can be told in desperate and dangerous situations so as to prevent an evil from occurring. These are the few circumstances when telling a lie might be the right thing to do. The bible may make an account of the times when lies were used to give positive results but it does not make it a right thing to do. People should learn to hold the truth firmly and allow the other person to experience the circumstances of the truth. The other person will learn to bear with the truth without blaming others for their feelings.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Is there a right time to lie? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Most people tell lies in order to avoid hurting or annoying the other person, but this is only part of the problem. Dealing with the response of the other person to the truth is also a problem, for example, when one tells someone that the food was not well cooked, they get hurt and that leaves one feeling terrible. Uncaring responses to the truth can cause one to feel lonely and dejected. Therefore, most people are afraid of the uncaring response and loneliness after tellin g the truth. However, when one lies they still feel uncared for, lonely and depressed because of ignoring their feelings. Truthfulness and honesty are extremely important in society so that relationships can last for long. Without trust in a relationship, the quality of the relationship will be weakened. Therefore, telling a lie has never been better than telling the truth. No matter how hurtful the truth may be one has the right to be told the truth. For example, if someone is suffering from a serious disease the family should be told the truth even if it is hurtful. To tell the truth one has to gather a lot of courage to bear the response. By avoiding a person’s anger and hurt it does not substitute to love. When one tries to avoid the anger and hurt of others they create strains in their relationship, which can ruin the relationship. A person’s integrity is more important than any pain, conflict or loneliness that the truth may cause. It is better to lose a person t han to lose one’s integrity. Withholding the truth to protect one from conflict and loneliness makes one to blame and judge themselves later. Hence, a lie leads to misery, loss and judgment. This essay on Is there a right time to lie? was written and submitted by user Cara Green to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Guide on Leadership Research Paper Writing at the Best Possible Level

Guide on Leadership Research Paper Writing at the Best Possible Level Leadership is one of the most compound disciplines that holds a variety of aspects to research. It is no wonder that you’re asked to research exactly this field of study. Depending on the interest or need, a leadership research paper can represent a study of theories, styles of leadership or approaches to its development. The purpose of the research paper is to identify the topical factors impacting the understanding of the selected concept. Therefore, to succeed in completing research, it is necessary to use empirical and up-to-date sources, having strong metrics of issuing own variables and hypothesis. Research on leadership can represent an overview of theoretical frameworks or identification of new approaches supported by the valid research data. Writing a leadership research paper requires strong organizational and substantial analytical work that will be simplified if you read this guide to the end. How to Choose a Topic for a Leadership Research Paper? The choice of topic for leadership research paper writing depends on the concept you want to focus on. For instance, it is possible to: Examine the application of leadership theories to a particular setting, Compare the appropriate leadership styles of two prominent leaders, Identify the limitation of an approach to leadership, Develop a system of adapting direction to the different setting, and others. Therefore, to construct valid arguments, it is essential to primarily identify the most exciting and under-researched parts of the leadership field. The following topics represent the accurate examples of a leadership research paper topic: Transformational Leadership; Contrast and Comparison of Leadership Styles; Gender Differences in Leadership; Leadership Ethics; Servant Leadership. The broader topic can be specified based on your research needs. For instance, you can advance the issue by incorporating details about the specific research features. When researching leadership ethics of a company, you can add its name to the topic. Therefore, you will be limited to examining information connected directly to the firm. How to Research the Topic? Once you select the topic for your research, it is time to start the research process itself. There are several ways of integrating gradually into the research of the subject starting from the identification of online publication relevant to the concept to scheduling an appointment at the library, identifying the books that will support the research. Before doing research subjected directly to the topic, it is necessary to understand the overall definition of leadership. In the Business Dictionary, it is an activity exercised by a group of people who provide a strategy of unification through the communication of vision and coordination of work to its achievement. The means of organization can vary depending on the style of the leader or the chosen theory of leadership applied to the setting. Online Databases Available for You Today Nowadays, you may say, â€Å"Research is simpler and more convenient than ever before.† To study the assigned or exciting topic, you can type in a search engine the name of the concept and read everything related to it. But is all that information reliable? Let’s focus on reliable databases. If the websites of online databases are correctly structured, the search itself is convenient to navigate, set bookmarks and highlight the key ideas. Further, you would not doubt whether the source is credible, as such databases include only scholarly sources. The examples below are the proper online sources for a leadership research paper. SpringerLink. Read the article Leadership: Philosophical Perspectives and Qualitative Analysis of Ethics to find out more about ethics applied to leadership. Google Books. Read the Harvard Business Review on the leadership that gets results or the spiritual leadership. Wiley Online Library. Read about the entrepreneurial imperatives of strategic leadership. However, apart from such resources, other databases require a fee for access. Therefore, to avoid paying the additional price for information, you can turn to the university library for more information. Choosing research in the library setting is more challenging. However, libraries often cooperate with databases such as EBSCO that provide more information with the convenient navigation. Moreover, in the library, you can find books, apart from journals that offer an in-depth analysis of the literature issuing results of significant studies along with the reports. Therefore, by integrating such sources into the research paper, the quality and credibility of your writing would improve drastically. To simplify the process of research in the library, take notes that would hold the key aspects of the book or research for you to use in the further writing process. How to Choose Sources for a References List? The choice of sources is an entangled process that demands experience and practice. However, the critical advice on choosing a reference is by assessing its relevance to the selected topic. It would not harm to read a book or research that may not be directly subjected to your research paper. In fact, it would broaden your understanding of the concept. You should set a goal of using only scholarly sources. The credibility of the authors should not be a matter of bias. Furthermore, the empirical studies would be of greater use to the research paper, as the validity of the conclusions would be supported by an actual investigation that supports the theory. In fact, it can serve as a platform for ideas to your research of the argument. The draft of an annotated bibliography for each source is the most useful mean of simplifying the further writing process. The advantages of an annotated bibliography range from remembering the usability of each source to the identification of argument that each reference would enhance into the further leadership research paper. A helpful annotated bibliography consists of the following parts. Identifications of the authors; Type of study; Support of the source’s credibility; Purpose of the study; Summary of the main points; Relevance to your research paper; Identification of the useful content. Moreover, a completed reference follows each annotation of the source by which you simplify the further construction of the bibliography. Therefore, such step is an essential means of coping with the process and streamline the research. How to Structure an Outline of a Research Paper? Ask Our Writers The writing process should start with an outline. A basic overview consists of the introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. However, in a leadership research paper, it is essential to extend the outline to include more specific points. For instance, an excellent research outline will consist of the following points. Title; Introduction: hook and background; Thesis statement; Body paragraphs with supporting ideas and details; Conclusion; References; Appendix if necessary. As a result, the identification of each part in the research paper structure enables to draft a correct paper. An outline is the first step in the process of putting the researched information into the piece of writing. Therefore, it is significant to focus on its quality, logical flow of ideas and credible supporting details. A helpful hint for work on the leadership research paper is to organize the information visually. For example, take notes on your computer, put title with a separate color to each source. Separate the screen into parts to see the entire outline when constructing it. By visualizing your data and understanding the flow of ideas, the further process of filling the structure with information will be convenient and enjoyable. Title Completing A leadership research paper title depends directly on the choice of the topic. However, in contrast to the subject, a title is a specific set of researched aspects. For instance, when identifying the leadership style of a corporation, the title would hold the name of the firm. Further, a title implies shortened visualization of the thesis statement. Therefore, it should keep the fundamental idea of the research paper without referring to the supporting arguments and peculiarity of the topic. Writing an Analytical Research Paper on Leadership The target audience of the research and the scope of the assignment determine its type. It could be argumentative, persuasive, analytical, or other. However, the most common form of the preferred research paper on leadership refers to analytical writing. For example, to provide such texts, it is essential to issue an objective overview of facts. The title should direct the choice of supporting ideas. However, you should also include the limitations of the chosen aspect of leadership. For instance, when writing about transformational leadership, you can refer to the means of enhancing such leadership through the practice of proactive, cautious behavior. Further, proceed with the identification of the common weaknesses that transformational leaders share, such as the lack of self-control and persistent cautiousness to issue the most suitable choices based on the Harvard Business Review. As a result, you will provide an objective overview of every aspect of the topic making the research objective. Abstract and Introduction Writing A research paper commonly starts with an abstract. In a leadership research paper, an abstract would include an overview of the purpose of the article, the main points and the summary of the results. An outline is a short overview of the critical arguments in the research. It does not require referencing or explanation of the relevance of the topic to the scientific discourse. Writing an introduction after completing the central part of the research will simplify the process of identifying the critical points in the description. In a leadership research paper, an introduction reveals everything that the readers will learn from the article. Therefore, it is essential to elaborate on each argument and finalize the structure before writing an introduction. Thesis Statement Writing A thesis statement is the most crucial part of the leadership research paper. It determines the strengths of the writer, the quality of the text and the relevance of the research. Therefore, working on the thesis statement should be an effort derived from thorough knowledge of the topic, attention to the arguments to use in the text and identification of the main parts of the thesis sentence. These are the examples of a poorly constructed thesis statements for a leadership research paper. We need good leaders to lead. Servant leadership does not work. An exercise of democratic leadership style makes the world better. The reason for each of the mentioned above thesis statements being poor includes the lack of supporting ideas, the ambiguous writing style, and elusive concepts. The final pre-writing suggestion is to finalize the structure of the leadership research paper. The importance of such a step refers to the integration of all ideas into a single outline, without having to conduct additional research. It is a time-efficient mean of handling the writing process well. For instance, when finalizing to evaluate whether the ideas are reasonable to support the literature with the valid and logical flow of information accurately. Assess the correspondence of the thesis statement with the arguments of the outline. As a result, you will have a complete understanding of everything that is further necessary to start writing and complete such a task on time. Body Paragraphs Writing A research paper is not limited to a certain number of body paragraphs. It could range from five to ten paragraphs, each holding a specific idea to enhance the research. When you work on the annotated bibliography, you identify the relevance of each source to the future outline. At the stage of writing the body paragraphs, utilize the annotations an insert the main information into the framework. Thus, you will state the main idea and support it with the conducted scholarly research information. If you choose to incorporate your research into the paper, include the description of methods, finding and results. The standard ending paragraph would refer to the discussion of research results. However, if your research paper on leadership is theoretical, then you can omit such sections and adapt it to your needs. Conclusion Writing The importance of the conclusion part refers to the identification of all points mentioned throughout the research. However, it is vital to address only the central ideas providing an overview of the most appealing and critical arguments. You should avoid incorporating new insights into a conclusion. Therefore, it should not hold references, further supporting details of the research or personal opinion. The great ending will enable the reader to understand the purpose, tools, and organization of the research paper. Moreover, it would be useful to add the relevance of the conducted research to the future examination of the topic and its contribution to the discourse of leadership field. How to Edit and Proofread? The final part of the writing implies editing and proofreading the research paper. When correcting, it is significant to mind the names, numbers, and any data inserted in the text. It is the double-check of the credibility of each argument, the grammatical accuracy of the writing and spelling check. To edit the research, follow the guidelines of the analytical style of writing. Avoid compound sentences and add the smooth transition from one idea to the next. While it may seem that reading the research several times is an unnecessary step, the benefits are tenfold. You will be confident that the leadership research paper is done by the guidelines, being easy to read and understand. Referencing The research paper should always have a list of references used in across the text. As you have previously worked on an annotated bibliography, it would simple for you to insert each source into a list. Making a list in alphabetical order is essential. Moreover, depending on the purpose of the research paper, the formatting of the referencing list can be different. There are such styles as APA, Harvard, MLA, Chicago, Turabian, and others. The differences refer to the way the citation reveals the information about the sources. For instance, in an MLA reference the full name of the authors is necessary, while in an APA one, only the last name would be enough. Consider all the leadership research paper writing prompts before starting the writing process. Research of leadership can be enjoyable and exciting, once you learn to manage each point relevant to a useful leadership paper.

Helping Students Move Beyond General Goals

Helping Students Move Beyond General Goals Once you have determined a general goal and you think you know why it appeals to you, you are ready to write it in a way that will help you make it happen. Goals Studies of successful people have shown that they write goals that contain similar elements. To write a goal like winners do, be sure that: It is stated in a positive way. (eg. I will... not, I might or I hope...It is obtainable. (Be realistic, but dont sell yourself short.)It involves your behavior and not someone elses.It is written.It includes a way to measure successful completion.It includes the specific date when you will begin working on the goal.It includes a projected date when you will reach the goal.If it is a big goal, it is divided into manageable steps or sub-goals.The projected dates for working on and completion of sub-goals are specified. Despite the length of the list, great goals are easy to write. The following are examples of goals containing the necessary components. General Goal: I will be a better basketball player during this year.Specific Goal: I will get 18 baskets in 20 tries by June 1, 2009.I will begin working on this goal January 15, 2009.General Goal: I will become an electrical engineer some day.Specific Goal: I will have a job as an electrical engineer by January 1, 2015.I will begin working on this goal February 1, 2009.General Goal: I will go on a diet.Specific Goal: I will lose 10 pounds by April 1, 2009.I will begin dieting and exercising February 27, 2009. Now, write your general goal. (Be sure to start with I will.) _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Now make it more specific by adding the manner of measurement and projected completion date. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I will begin working on this goal on (date) _______________________________ Considering how completing this goal will benefit you is quite important because this benefit will be the source of motivation for the work and sacrifice needed to complete your goal. To remind yourself why this goal is important to you, complete the sentence below. Use as much detail as you can by imagining the goal completed. Begin with, I will benefit by meeting this goal because... _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Because some goals are so big that thinking about them makes us feel overwhelmed, it is necessary to break them into sub goals or the steps you need to take in order to meet your major goal. These steps should be listed below along with a projected date for completion. Creating Sub-Goals Since this list will be used to schedule your work on these steps, you will save time if you set up a table on another piece of paper with a wide column for listing the steps, and a number of columns to the side which will eventually be used to indicate time periods. On a separate sheet of paper, make a table with two columns. To the right of these columns, attach gridded or graph paper. See the image at the top of the page for an example. After you have listed the steps you will need to complete in order to attain your goal, estimate the date by which you can complete all of them. Use this as your projected ending date. Next, turn this table into a Gantt chart by labeling columns to the right of completion date with appropriate time periods (weeks, months, or years) and color in the cells for the times you will work on a particular step. Project management software usually contains features for making Gantt charts and make the job more fun by automatically changing related charts when you make a change in any one of them. Now that you have learned to write a great specific goal and to schedule sub-goals on a Gantt chart, you are ready to learn how to maintain your motivation and momentum. Back to Goals and Resolutions: Writing Great Goals

Buisness Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Buisness Economics - Essay Example It is argued that cost has played a major role in the emergence of the outsourcing business world over. Companies in the western world have been outsourcing jobs from their land to low cost areas such as India, China and Philippines. In the early part of 1990's companies in India recognized importance of cost factor and introduced a good strategy to increase their business. There are instances that a particular company is giving shape to an industry. Though during mid twentieth century there was a number of United Kingdom based business groups, who have outsourced high cost works to India, it was in the late part of the century that this has emerged as a major service industry. The emergence of service industry has also helped India to become global powerhouse of knowledge based industrial activity. Infosys Technologies is a major Indian company working in the field of information technology. They are considered as pioneers of business process outsourcing in the country. Understanding big opportunity in the sector they had laid out clean strategy to win over others. Today Infosys has emerged as one of the most respect IT companies in India. Their share prices are soared tremendously during the last two decades.

Carrefour's Misadventure in Russia Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Carrefour's Misadventure in Russia - Case Study Example This research will begin with the statement that with a move to the globalized era, successful businesses and large corporations are continuously looking for the opportunities of international expansion. The last trends show that emerging economies, especially BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India, and China) become more popular destinations for business development purposes. While there are many examples of successful penetration and business establishment on these markets, there are also examples of failures and misadventures. Entry strategy of the France-based retail giant Carrefour to the Russian market has been unsuccessful, and the company’s sudden exit has raised many different opinions in this respect.   Below there is provided an overview of potential factors that might have its impact on the company’s failure continued with the further analysis of the Russian food retail market based on the Porters’ five forces model. While there was not clearly defined the rea son of why Carrefour has made a decision to exit suddenly the Russian market, there were mentioned some obvious factors that might have contributed to this decision. These factors include: social and cultural factors; legal factors; late entry decision; absence of sufficient organic-growth prospects and acquisition opportunities, and political factors. Such social and cultural factors that have been identified as the potential barriers to the Carrefour’s expansion in Russia included: bureaucracy, corruption, red tape.

PRACTICAL REPORT ON THE ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF CODEINE AND PARACETAMOL Essay Example for Free

PRACTICAL REPORT ON THE ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF CODEINE AND PARACETAMOL Essay Codeine or methyl morphine, an alkaloid, was first isolated in 1832 from raw opium. It concentration ranges from 0.2% to 0.8%. Mostly used for its analgesic, anti-tussive and anti-diarrheal capabilities (Tremlett, Anderson and Wolf, 2010). Paracetamol also known as acetaminophen (n-acetyl-p-aminophenol, APAP) on the other hand, is a useful non- steroidal anti- inflammatory drug (NSAID). It is commonly used in the management of pain and fever in a variety of patients (Kamberi, et al., 2004). Fig 1: Codeine[NCBI, 2009] Fig 2: Acetaminophen[NCBI, 2009] One of the technique involved in the extraction of codeine and paracetamol from its matrix, is the solvent extraction otherwise known as liquid – liquid extraction. This process entails the use of two immiscible liquids usually chloroform and water; in dissolving the sample for two distinctive layers to form after the mixture had been thoroughly shaken together (Rubinson and Rubinson, 1998). Separating the components of the extract, is done through the use of Thin Layer Chromatography. It is one of the standard procedures used in many forensic laboratory when analysizing unknown drugs or mixtures (Howlett and Steiner, 2011). Separation of the mixtures occur based on the pH, polarity of its components, solvent and the thin layer stationary phase (Howlett and Steiner, 2011). METHODS: The finely divided sample was dissolved in 20ml of distilled water. This was then basified with NaOH solution to pH 12 using litmus paper. The resulting solution was later filtered. 1.0ml of chloroform was pipetted into the filtrate. After shaken and combined, two distinctive layers was observed. The bottom layer was extracted thrice using a micro- pipette. On a thin chromatography plate, five spots were placed ( as shown in table 2) and the  plate was developed using chloroform/methanol. This was later visualized with dragendorff’s reagent under the UV light. All separated components were observed, identified and recorded. RESULTS: Table of observed pH SOLUTIONInitial pHFinal pH Basified sample1012 TABLE 1 Table of Retention factor (RF value) Rf = Distance travelled by the substance (cm) Distance travelled by the solvent (cm) SUBSTANCEDistance travelled by substance (cm)Distance travelled by Solvent (cm)Retention factor value (Rf) Chloroform extract3.04.00.75 Codeine positive control3.04.00.75 Paracetamol positive control4.04.01.00 Chloroform (negative control) 3.54.00.86 Diluted sample4.04.01.00 TABLE 2 DIAGRAM: Fig 3: The Developed Chromatographic Plate. DISCUSSION: Running the chloroform extracts and diluted sample together with two positive controls and a negative control on a single chromatographic plate simultaneously, the retention factor(Rf) of five different samples were determined. The RF value of the chloroform extract(0.75) tallied with that of the codeine positive control and that of diluted sample(1.00) with the paracetamol positive control. This tentatively shows that, codeine and paracetamol were present in the sample. The solvent front(i.e distance travelled by the mixed solvents) is 4cm, this is quite close to the distances covered by all separated components(between 3 – 3.5cm), which makes the retention factors, not a true representative of their actual values. It was later discovered that, this is due to not allowing the  chromatographic plate to develop for a longer period of time in the solvent tank. The solvent front also dried up quickly when the plate is taken out., making drawing a line at that point quite diffic ult. Fortunately, this was overcome by the use of visualizing spray and UV lamp. Solvent extraction(liquid-liquid), involved selective movement of components of a substance in microgram to gram quantities between two immiscible liquid phase; its separation and selectivity is based on solubility differences and pH control respectively (Fifield and Kealey, 1995). This was observed when chloroform was added to the basified filtrate. After vigorous shaking and settling down, chloroform being more dense, composed the bottom layer, with the aqueous phase up. Liquid-liquid extraction often involved high volume of organic solvents and poor resolution of mixtures of organic materials (Fifield and Kealey, 1995). Thin Layer Chromatography is usually employed in the qualitative analysis of mixtures of non-volatile compounds like pharmaceuticals (Skoog, et al., 2000). TLC can also be used to confirm the identity of an unknown sample ( Lewis and Evans, 2011). Dissolution of the codeine and paracetamol tablet in distilled water without weighing, shows that, TLC was never designed for semi- quantitative analysis. This is due to difficulties in reproducibly applying aliquots of the mixture to the plate and then recovering all of the separated components from the plate (Skoog, et al., 2000). CONCLUSION: Using the Rf values obtained in the table 2 above and t he visual indicator reaction with the substances under the UV light, codeine was extracted to a high degree during the solvent extraction, tentatively identified by TLC (due to its positive control having the same Rf values with the chloroform extract(0.75) and both were the only one that were seen under the UV light) while paracetamol was extracted to a low degree (due to its positive control having the same Rf with the diluted sample). Multiple compounds can share the same retention factor(Rf) or produce similar chromophores when sprayed with detection reagents (Howlett and Steiner, 2011). The study by Lewis and Evans( 2011) shows that if a spot from an unknown substance is developed on a TLC plate together with a spot from a substance that is suspected to be the unknown, and the two substance are found to have the same Rf value, they are probably the same substance. FUTURE SUGGESTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Due to the limitation that is associated with using TLC to exactly identify a given sample, minimum standards for drug testing and reporting in the forensic community are recommended by the Scientific Working Group for the Analysis of seized drugs (SWGDRUG) (Howlett and Steiner, 2011). In order for a drug identification to be confirmed to SWGDRUG specification, additional tests must includes, Infrared spectroscopy and GC-MS (Howlett and Steiner, 2011). REFERENCES: Fifield, F. W. and Kealey, D. 1995. Principles and Practice of Analytical chemistry. (4th ed) Glasgow, Blackie Academic and professional. Howlett, S. E. and Steiner, R. R. 2011. Validation of Thin Layer Chromatography with AccuTOF-DARTâ„ ¢ Detection for Forensic Drug Analysis*. Forensic Sciences [e-journal] 56 (5), pp. 12611267. Available through: Anglia Ruskin University Library website http://libweb.anglia.ac.uk [Accessed on 11 March 2014]. Kamberi, M., Riley, C. M., Huang, C. C. and Xiaoyan, M, 2004. A validated, sensitive HPLC method for the determination of trace impurities in acetaminophen drug substance. Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis [e-journal] 34 (1), pp. 123128. Available through: Anglia Ruskin University Library website http://libweb.anglia.ac.uk [Accessed on 18 March 2014]. Lewis, R. and Evans, W. 2011. Chemistry. 4th ed. Hampshire, Palgrave Macmillan. NCBI, 2009. National Library of Medicine. [online] Available at : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pccompound [Acc essed 7 April, 2014]. Rubinson, J. F. and Rubinson, K. A. 1998. Contemporary chemical analysis. Upper Saddle River, NJ, Prentice Hall. Skoog, D., West, D., Holler, F. and Crouch, S. 2000. Analytical Chemistry- An introduction. (7th ed). Boca raton, Thomson Learning Inc. Tremlett, M., Anderson, B. J. and Wolf, A. 2010. Procon debate: is codeine a drug that still has a useful role in pediatric practice? Pediatric Anesthesia [e-journal] 20 (2), pp. 183194. Available through: Anglia Ruskin University website http://libweb.anglia.ac.uk [Accessed on 29 March 2014].

The Bible, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, and The Epic of Gilgames

The Bible, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, and The Epic of Gilgamesh - Are They Relevant Today? In The Epic of Gilgamesh, Gilgamesh, the hero of this epic, achieves many feats of skill, which makes him famous, but that is not the reason it is an epic. The Epic of Gilgamesh fulfills the requirements of an epic by being consistently relevant to a human society and carries immortal themes and messages. By looking at literature throughout history, one can infer the themes that are consistently passed on to other generations of humans. It is in human nature for people to want to excel in life and strive to make a name in this world for themselves. We want to be remembered by name or for something we have done. Most, who actually succeed, are forgotten about in a matter of years. However, some are remembered for tens, hundreds, and even thousands of years, because of their great intellectual achievement to feats of outstanding skill. Gilgamesh is not only a character of a story; he is actually a portrayal of people and how they act out of human nature. He, like many of us, does not want his existence to end when he leaves this world. He is not content with what he has, well looks, money, and power, and desires more in life. The Epic of Gilgamesh is a story that we, as people, can relate to. There are similarities between Gilgamesh's journeys and our own journey through life. Some of the texts that will be compared with the Epic of Gilgamesh, are the Bible, and Mark Twain's The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. The characters of these stories are all have that burning desire to be successful in life, which we can relate to. These texts span across different time periods and societies illustrati... ...rder for people to live, they must always be above the line of absolute poverty. In the human perspective, the greater the amount of money you have, the farther you have "to drop" to get below the poverty level. It is basically a bigger buffer zone in terms of economic status. Therefore, in a human society, there will always are certain inalienable aspects of humanity. The Epic of Gilgamesh fulfills the requirements of an epic by being consistently relevant to a human society and by carrying immortal themes and messages. Epics will always be present because there are certain themes about humanity that cannot be denied. In this era, it is easy to say that the world is rapidly changing. But, humans aren't changing with it and there lies the root of most of the problems in society. We must recognize and maybe change the world to be more suitable for humanity.

Of Mice and Men †Importance of Dreams Essay

Dreams are an ingrained part of our lives, and those who strive to achieve them show extraordinary devotion and resolve. The allure of a brighter future, of a better life, can both benefit and harm, as John Steinbeck’s Of Mice and Men illustrates. Living in a time of pain and loss, the characters in the novella cling to their dreams. However, these dreams are beyond attainment, of no importance for accomplishment, and bring them nothing but regret. This essay will demonstrate how hopes and dreams are unimportant for success and happiness, as they are unachievable and bring only pain. Firstly, the pursuit of dreams is futile, as they cannot be achieved. The dream that the two protagonists, George and Lennie, harbour recurs throughout the novel. Their dream is to one day own their own property and to become self-sufficient, and the realization of this dream becomes more likely as the novel nears its climax. However, the dream shatters with the death of Lennie, devastating George, as George cannot envisage the dream without Lennie. The dreams of the other characters, such as Candy and Crooks, are also shown to be beyond realization. Candy, knowing that he is soon to outlive his usefulness, hopes that he can come and live with George and Lennie and to have the freedom to work or rest as he pleases. However, this also is broken when Lennie dies. The black stable-hand Crooks is the only character that clearly understands the futility of dreams. â€Å"I seen hundreds of men come by on the road an’ on the ranches. . . every damn one of ’em’s got a little piece of land in his head. An’ never a God damn one of ’em ever gets it. Just like heaven†¦ Nobody never gets to heaven, and nobody gets no land.†(Crooks, Chapter 4) Crooks dreams of being equal to the other workers, but he understands that he is not considered equal. He briefly joins the dream that George and Lennie have, but withdraws his offer to help on the farm when he accepts that dreams are not possible: the freedom and happiness that they wish for is not found in the world they live in. The impossibility of achieving dreams makes them unimportant; they remain unfulfilled, leaving the holder with nothing. Secondly, when unfulfilled, dreams cause regret and misery. The unfulfilled dream of Curley’s wife’s has left her discontent, and she lives a lonely life with her inattentive husband. Her dream was to escape from her oppressive mother and become an actor. â€Å"‘A show come through, an’ I met one of the actors. He says I could go with the show. But my ol’ lady wouldn’ let me†¦If I’d went, I wouldn’t be livin’ like this, you bet.'† (Curley’s wife, Chapter 5) Because of her mother, Curley’s wife was never able to achieve her dream, just like the other characters, leaving her only with the knowledge that she could have had a better life. Her attitude and manner around the ranch evidences this. Her bitterness and attempts to draw attention from the other men, simply so she can have some companionship, are clear indicators of her dissatisfaction and loneliness. Curley’s wife is an example of dreams leaving the holder with regret when unfulfilled, and of how they are not important for success. Lastly, without dreams, people can still be successful and satisfied. The ranch’s skinner, Slim, is described as a highly skilled and content man, and as â€Å"the prince of the ranch.† He moved with a majesty only achieved by royalty and master craftsmen†¦ his authority was so great that his word was taken on any subject, be it politics or love. (Chapter 2, Of Mice and Men) However, while the other characters have dreams, Slim appears to have none. He never mentions any of his own, but rather supports others with theirs. It is demonstrated that he does not want anything outside of what he has, and that he has not created any plans. Whether it is because he, like Crooks, understands the futility of dreams, or because he is simply satisfied with his place in life, Slim does not possess them, and despite of this, he has the highest status among the workers. He stands as the primary example of how dreams are not required for somebody to be successful. In conclusion, it can be seen that dreams are not important. Not only do dreams leave those who keep them with unhappiness, such as with Curley’s wife, but they also cannot be achieved due to the cruel nature of fate, leaving them unfulfilled. These dreams, whether they are fulfilled or not, are shown to be unnecessary for contentment, as evidenced by Slim, the most successful worker. Ultimately, the nature of dreams is best illustrated by the poem from which the novel draws its name. The best laid schemes o’ mice an’ men Gang aft agley, An’ lea’e us nought but grief an’ pain For promis’d joy. (Robert Burns, To a Mouse) As it has been shown, dreams are not important; they are beyond reach, offer nothing, and bring only unhappiness to those who keep them, whether they are accomplished or not.

Anzaldua’s Struggle with Language Essay

Gloria Anzaldua, the author of â€Å"How to Tame a Wild Tongue,† expresses a very strong tie that she has to her native language. Anzaldua grew up in the United States, but spoke mostly Spanish. She did not speak the normal form of Spanish though; she spoke Chicano Spanish, a language very close to her heart. The text focuses on the idea of her losing her home accent, or tongue, to conform to the environment she is growing up in. From a very young age, Anzaldua knows that she is not treated the same as everyone else is treated. She knows that she is second to others, and her language is far from second to others as well. Anzaldua stays true to her language by identifying herself with her language and keeping it alive, when everyone else wants it gone. She strategically expresses herself in the text through her personal experiences with the language, the use of narration and structure, and her gender role within her language. Anzaldua uses appeals such as ethos, pathos, and log os to show the audience the use of these three strategies. Anzaldua’s text begins with her visit to the dentist. This is where she introduces the main, reoccurring, theme of â€Å"taming a wild tongue.† This theme, depending which way it is looked at, can be seen as a rhetorical question in the sense that her â€Å"tongue† cannot be tamed. In this case it metaphorically represents her native language she speaks. The dentist is getting frustrated with her tongue getting in the way of his work, and he mentions how her tongue is so strong and stubborn. He states that something must be done about her untamed tongue. Ironically, everything the dentist says about to tongue is true for her native tongue as well. Anzaldua knows that she cannot stand up for herself and her tongue, because her language is frowned upon in America. There is no way to tame her tongue; she must completely get rid of it. In these first opening paragraphs, Anzaldua is using the rhetorical strategy of her personal experience at the dentist. When reading this, one may think that the author is trying to portray a young girl at the dentist and that her tongue is being stubborn. The author is using a metaphor, and is not only talking about her actual tongue, but her accent as well. Anzaldua is showing an appeal such as pathos. The author shows this emotional appeal to demonstrate the love that she has for her language. Anzaldua identifies herself with her language, and is very emotional about it. The author has many personal experiences with the language that she is punished for. At school if she was caught speaking Spanish, she would be punished for it. For instance, she was once punished and accused of â€Å"talking back† to the teacher when all she was trying to do was tell her how to pronounce her name. The teachers were very disrespectful to her and her companions who spoke Spanish. One of the teachers stated, â€Å"If you want to be American, speak American. [i]f you don’t like it, go back to Mexico where you belong† (59). The Spanish speaking students were frowned upon and were not only taught to speak English, but to speak English without slang or a Mexican accent. Anzaldua identifies herself with her language, and is offended if someone talks poorly about it. The author uses her emotional tie to her language to connect with the audience and give the reader a sense of how she feels. She uses ethos to show her strong connection with her background. She speaks her â€Å"home† tongues only with her sister and brothers, and her friends. There are five different languages but the two that she feels closest to are Chicano Spanish and Tex-Mex. She also speaks Pachuco, the language of rebellion, which she speaks in secret with kids and people her own age. According to Americans, her language is considered a bastard language and that it is illegitimate. This is something that she takes to heart because her language is so important to her and it is so close to her and her family. Anzaldua shows this in the narration and structure of her writing. Her reading is bilingual instead of just in English. She will write a whole sentence in English but change one or two words in the sentence to Spanish. An example is when she says, â€Å"Often with mexicanas y latinos we’ll speak English as a neutral language† (64). Here is just a small example of how she includes her Spanish language in her English text. There are many different times when Anzaldua does this in her reading. This is something that may confuse an English reader with no Spanish experience. Often times when I came across words in Spanish I got confused and almost embarrassed because I had no clue what she was trying to say. I think this is a great way to show readers how she felt as a Chicano trying to learn a whole new language. Anzaldua’s strategy of narration and structure of the text really catches a reader’s eye. She also italicizes any Spanish words that she includes in her text. This is just another way of showing the audience how important her language is to her. Another strategy she uses in her writing is how she splits up her story. She has many different titles throughout her text including: Overcoming the tradition of silence, Oyeá ¿ ½ como ladra: el lenguaje de la frontera, Chicano Spanish, and Linguistic terrorism. These titles all represent a new important part of her life and her life growing up in America. This is a strategy that works well with an audience because it attracts a reader to want to know more about the next topic of her life. Anzaldua uses these strategies to build appeals with the audience. She demonstrates ethos to the audience because of the emotional tie she has with her background. A reader can connect with her when she reveals her emotion to the audience. The use of her two languages in the text also exhibits her use of logos. Anzaldua struggles to keep her language alive because it is something that is so dear to her heart, but in turn she is not treated as well as she should be treated. In her text, Anzaldua explains how women are treated differently within the language. From a young age, girls are taught not to talk much, and to not talk back. In Spanish when speaking about a group of girls, including yourself in the group, you would say nosotras, and when speaking about a group of guys you would say nosostros. Anzaldua did not know that the word nosotras, the feminine reference, even existed until an older age. A group of women was always referred to as the masculine meaning. She states, â€Å"We are robbed of our female being by the masculine plural. [l]anguage is a male discourse† (60). Although women are treated differently than men, she does not take this to heart because she has grown up this way, and she still loves her heritage and language. She stands up for her language because it is part of who she is as a woman. She is proud of whom she is, and the language she speaks. Anzaldua values her language because it is a part of her identity. She says, â€Å"Ethnic identity is twin skin to linguistic identity-I am my language† (65). If you really want to make her mad or hurt her feelings, say bad things about her language. She takes pride in her language and respects it. This is the closest thing to her and is part of who she is. Anzaldua’s gender role within the language shows a reader how she is viewed as a woman. This established ethos to the reader because of how she feels about the illegitimacy of the language. She cannot accept legitimacy of herself until she is free to be like a typical American and do all the same things as them. Anzaldua says after this is done, â€Å"I will overcome the tradition of silence† (65). Throughout the text, â€Å"How to Tame a Wild Tongue,† by Gloria Anzaldua, she consistently refers to the pride she takes in the language. Her Chicana Spanish is something that is very important to her, and very dear to her heart. A reader realizes this by the author’s use of personal experiences with the language, the use of narration and structure, and her gender role within her language. Anzaldua also uses these strategies to aid in the use of her appeals such as ethos, pathos, and logos. She uses ethos frequently throughout her text because Chicano Spanish is something that is so important to her. Anzaldua takes pride in who she is and where she is from, and she will never let anyone take that away from her.

Indonesian Nationalism essays

Indonesian Nationalism essays Nationalism as the dominant force behind the Indonesian independence movement is the leading theme presented in the video, Barrel of a gun. The turn of the twentieth century marked the beginning of nationalist stirrings in Indonesia against the ruling Dutch empire. Fuelled by dissent and second-class treatment, nationalistic ideals and propaganda began to spread throughout the native Indonesian population and ignite. However, the spread of nationalism would not have been so great without particular factors. Firstly, Sukarno, as the charismatic leader of the movement laid the foundations of a nationalist stronghold. Secondly, the Japanese invasion during World War 2 paved a pathway for Indonesian independence. Thirdly, international support for the Indonesian push against a dominant western power, finally tipped the rule of the Dutch colonialists. Nationalism in Indonesia culminated with independence being achieved in 1949. (Osborne, 1997; 154-161) ( Barrel of a Gun, Video) The emergence of a pro-independence nationalistic movement stems from Dutch educated Indonesians in the early part of the twentieth century. The Russo-Japanese war of 1905 demonstrated for the first time, the ability for an Asian nation to defeat a major Western power. ( Heidhues, 2000; 122) This ignited fervent belief amongst Indonesian intellects to overcome the conquering Dutch. However, early attempts in the 1920s at revolution backfired. Without the mass support of the Indonesian population, the early uprisings headed by the Indonesian Communist Party, were quelled, resulting in many Indonesians becoming prisoners and being exiled. ( Church, 1995; 45) It was during this period that the most influential and charismatic of leaders surfaced, Sukarno. Unlike the Vietnamese spread of nationalism whereby there was only one party striving for independence, Sukarno and his Communist party were the leading party out of numerous nationalis...

Analysis Of Daisy Miller By Henry James English Literature Essay

Analysis Of Daisy Miller By Henry James English Literature Essay In the story Daisy Miller, written by Henry James, James tells a story about a young American lady named Daisy Miller and her family members who are vacationing in Europe. Daisy is vacationing in a new world and is trying to find a way to learn and adapt to her new surroundings. She is trying to fit in with the high class society but due to her lifestyles differences she is not accepted in their world. Based on the story one would assume that the cause of Daisy’s death is consequential; however, there are several given points that suggest it was purely by coincidence and could have happen to anyone. Henry James proves this by the use of characters, setting, and symbolism. The other main character focused is Winterbourne is a â€Å"27-year old expatriate American bachelor† (Collins 1). Winterbourne was raised and received most of his education in Geneva, he is considered to be fairly quiet but highly educated, he understands the European lifestyles but keeps his own opi nion. â€Å"Winterbourne has lost the capacity for love and he has lost the opportunity to come to life.† (Ohmann 3). Daisy is turned off by him because she views him as a person that doesn’t enjoy life. She feels like he would rather study and be serious then actually live his life. Winterbourne has an instant attraction to her innocence and beauty. However, Daisy sees him as being â€Å"stiff and lifeless† (Wardley 4). The chemistry between Winterbourne and Daisy is apparent but because of her flirtatious attitude he feels like it’s just a game to her. Although he is an American, he has the European attitude and shows his self to Daisy. This shows the two worlds that collided; Daisy the American and Winterbourne the European. The setting for the story takes place in Europe. The country is known for its well educated citizens, taste for fine art and respect for social societies. Daisy wants to â€Å"experience in Europe† (Deakin 5). She is amazed at the lifestyles of the high class society and is taken away by the historical buildings and the people. It makes her feel like she is important because she is able to experience such a once in a lifetime opportunity. The culture is â€Å"primitive and refined in a developed taste† (Scheiber 3). The atmosphere in Europe is cool and calm. Only the fanciest and most expensive are for the European society. Many of the people in Europe have parties where people are to dress up in some of their finest clothes and come to gather. At these parties, many just stand around talking among each other while they listen to music and have a few drinks. Many of the people who attend this parties are considered to be high class or rich folks. Daisy attends many of this parties but is often rude because she either leaves early to wander the streets with other gentleman or she spends all her time talking to people who are not considered to be fairly important.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Utilizing a Project Labor Agreement Essay

Advantages and Disadvantages of Utilizing a Project Labor Agreement - Essay Example So, they can opt to join or not to do so. First, PLA can help in promoting uniformity in the construction sector. Since it requires the constructors to be members of labor unions, it means that it advocates for equality in salaries, wages, overtime, allowances, working hours, benefits, working rules and conditions adhered to while working on the government-sponsored construction projects. This demonstrates how the agreement can be beneficial to all the parties starting from the main constructor, sub-contractor up to the laborers. Besides, it helps in providing assurance to all the involved contractors that the project would be completed within the shortest time possible. It is possible to attain this because the agreement guarantees a steady and reliable of well trained and highly qualified laborers. At the same time, PLA makes the management of such projects much easier because they are properly coordinated and operated under predictable budgets. In addition, PLA helps in making the work to be smoothly carried out without experiencing challenges like conflict, strikes and go slows which are common in non-unionized firms. Since all the contractors have to be members of trade unions, they are obliged to comply with rules and regulations governing their operations (Tuerck, 2010). Because of this, it can be much easier to resolve conflicts and eradicate the cases of strike that might slow down the construction process. Moreover, PLA can e a good thing for the laborers because it ensures that they are properly empowered. It requires the contractors to provide adequate trainings an apprentice programs for certain classes of employees including the minorities, disabled, women, veterans and all the other underprivileged people in the society. By giving such workers an opportunity to acquire training, they can be able to have personal growth and become more useful and valuable employees in the years to